Too Early to Judge Malaysia’s ASEAN Chairmanship: A Test of Leadership in Uncertain Times

The criticisms surrounding Malaysia’s early months as ASEAN chair are not entirely unfounded. The focus on Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim, the lack of a structured roadmap, and perceived missteps in handling pressing regional issues have sparked concerns. However, it would be premature to judge Malaysia’s leadership at this stage, especially when the world is facing an era of geopolitical turbulence.

In times of uncertainty, ASEAN needs a leader with a strong global perspective, someone capable of navigating regional challenges while positioning Southeast Asia strategically on the world stage. With the return of Donald Trump as U.S. president a scenario that could bring trade volatility, shifting alliances, and economic protectionism, ASEAN requires a chair with a firm grasp of international relations and economic strategy. Few leaders in the region possess the depth of experience and diplomatic credibility that Anwar brings to the table.

A Critical Juncture for ASEAN

Malaysia’s ASEAN chairmanship comes at a time when global stability is under threat. The resurgence of economic nationalism, the growing influence of China, and conflicts in various parts of the world demand strong regional coordination. The specter of U.S. tariffs under a Trump administration looms over ASEAN economies, potentially disrupting trade flows and supply chains. In such conditions, Malaysia’s leadership must prioritise economic resilience, multilateral cooperation, and strategic regional partnerships to mitigate risks and foster growth.

Critics argue that Malaysia has not yet laid out a clear roadmap for its ASEAN agenda. While this concern is valid, it is equally important to recognise that the complexity of ASEAN diplomacy requires careful groundwork. The focus should be on building consensus among member states, many of whom have competing national interests. Expecting a fully defined action plan in the initial months overlooks the reality of ASEAN’s decision-making process, which relies on extensive consultation and negotiation.

Navigating the Myanmar Crisis

One of the toughest challenges facing Malaysia’s chairmanship is the ongoing crisis in Myanmar. The junta’s continued repression, coupled with the failure of ASEAN’s Five-Point Consensus, has eroded confidence in the bloc’s ability to address the situation effectively. Malaysia’s approach in Langkawi, which reaffirmed the five-point plan, has been criticised as inadequate. However, engaging Myanmar’s military while also recognising other stakeholders, such as the National Unity Government and ethnic armed organisations, is a delicate balancing act.

A pragmatic approach is necessary. While critics call for a tougher stance against the junta, isolating Myanmar completely may push it further into China’s sphere of influence, reducing ASEAN’s leverage. Instead, Malaysia must work toward a more inclusive engagement strategy that acknowledges multiple stakeholders while simultaneously increasing diplomatic pressure on the military government to implement reforms.

Tackling Transnational Crime: A Regional Imperative

Beyond Myanmar, transnational crime has emerged as one of the most pressing threats to Southeast Asia. The region has become a hub for online scam syndicates, human trafficking, and cyber fraud, with organised crime networks operating in countries like Myanmar, Cambodia, and Laos. These criminal activities are not only affecting regional security but also damaging ASEAN’s reputation, especially as Chinese tourists increasingly fear abduction or fraud when traveling to Southeast Asia.

Malaysia must take the lead in establishing a coordinated regional framework to combat transnational crime, ensuring that ASEAN member states work together to dismantle criminal networks and improve law enforcement cooperation. Anwar’s previous experience in international diplomacy and security discussions places him in a strong position to drive this agenda forward.

Economic Stability Amid Global Uncertainty

With Trump’s return to the White House, ASEAN must brace for economic disruption. The risk of increased U.S. tariffs, supply chain realignments, and a more aggressive stance on trade deficits could impact Southeast Asian economies significantly. Malaysia must prioritise economic resilience, regional trade integration, and deeper engagement with alternative markets, such as the European Union, Middle East, and Africa.

A key aspect of Malaysia’s ASEAN chairmanship should be strengthening intra-ASEAN trade and pushing forward initiatives like the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). ASEAN must not allow external pressures to weaken its unity, instead, Malaysia should reinforce the region’s centrality in global trade and diplomacy.

Sustainability as a Defining Theme

One of the bright spots in Malaysia’s ASEAN agenda is its focus on sustainability. The 2025 theme presents a crucial opportunity for ASEAN to lead in climate action, carbon credit markets, and regional sustainability policies. As extreme weather events become more frequent, ASEAN nations must work together to build climate resilience. The establishment of the ASEAN Centre for Climate Change, championed by Malaysia, could mark a significant step forward in regional environmental cooperation.

The Leadership ASEAN Needs

While criticisms of Malaysia’s early ASEAN leadership are understandable, it is too soon to pass judgment. Chairing ASEAN is not just about setting ambitious goals, it is about navigating complex regional dynamics, fostering cooperation, and making strategic adjustments along the way.

At this critical juncture, ASEAN needs a leader with a strong global outlook, diplomatic experience, and the ability to engage multiple stakeholders. In this regard, there is no better candidate than Anwar Ibrahim. His long-standing experience in international affairs, economic policy, and regional diplomacy makes him uniquely positioned to guide ASEAN through these turbulent times.

Rather than dismiss Malaysia’s chairmanship prematurely, observers should give it time to build momentum. The coming months will be a true test of leadership, and if Malaysia can successfully address key regional challenges, it has the potential to leave a lasting impact on ASEAN’s future.